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Kapo (concentration camp)
A kapo or prisoner functionary ((ドイツ語:Funktionshäftling), see ) was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was assigned by the ''SS'' guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks in the camp. Also called "prisoner self-administration", the prisoner functionary system minimized costs by allowing camps to function with fewer SS personnel. The system was designed to turn victim against victim, as the prisoner functionaries were pitted against their fellow prisoners in order to maintain the favor of their SS guards. If they were derelict, they would be returned to the status of ordinary prisoners and be subject to other kapos. Many prisoner functionaries were recruited from the ranks of violent criminal gangs rather than from the more numerous political, religious and racial prisoners; those were known for their brutality toward other prisoners. This brutality was tolerated by the SS and was an integral part of the camp system.
Prisoner functionaries were spared physical abuse and hard labor, provided they performed their duties to the satisfaction of the SS guards. They also had access to certain privileges, such as civilian clothes and a private room.〔 While the Germans commonly called them ''kapos'', the official government term for prisoner functionaries was ''Funktionshäftling''.
==Etymology==
The origin of "kapo" is unclear. The Jewish Virtual Library claims,〔Jozeph Michman (Melkman) (2008), (KAPO ) Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. Jewish Virtual Library〕 it is an abbreviated form of the word, ''Kameradschaftpolizei'', (roughly, "comrade police force"), or perhaps ''Kameradschafts-Polizei''.〔Miklos Nyiszli (2013), ''(Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account )'' Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 1628720263.〕 It could have come from the Italian word for "head" and "boss", ''capo''. According to the Duden, it is derived from the French word for "Corporal" ('':fr:Caporal'').〔Yizhak Ahren, ("Überlebt weil schuldig - schuldig weil überlebt" ) Review of book about Jewish kapos. Leo Baeck Bookshop, official website. Retrieved May 8, 2010 〕〔 (Translated from: )〕〔, p. 481〕
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